Tag Archives: monarch butterflies

Miniature Monarchs

My mom forgave me for telling the world what an animal hater she is and sent me an interesting email about butterflies, which she does not hate.  While visiting Rainbow’s End Butterfly Farm and Nursery recently, she chatted up the owner about the size of butterflies.  I mentioned that it seemed as if butterflies in New York are bigger than butterflies in Florida.  The owner of Rainbow’s End said this could be due to a common disease amongst monarchs.  Under New York law, she is permitted to export butterflies to Florida but is prohibited from importing them because of a disease commonly found in Florida monarchs. 

During my laundry room experiment, I remember reading about a disease called OE – Ophryocystic Elektroscirrha.  OE is a protozoan parasite unique to monarchs and milkweed, and it does indeed cause monarchs to be smaller in size, specifically they weigh less and have shorter forewings.  While Googling OE, I came across another butterfly farm, Shady Oak.  They have a page called Ask Edith; Edith is one of the owners and she addressed a question about OE.  Apparently, it’s more common in Florida because butterflies fly year-round and plants don’t freeze to the ground, so the cycle never ends.  In colder climates, spores die as the milkweed disintegrates in the winter.  In the warmest part of Florida, the southern tip, there is approximately an 85% infection rate compared with 30% or less in the rest of the country.  

After reading up on OE and its symptoms, it seems that I prematurely blamed the ants when it was probably OE that took my third and final butterfly baby.  Another symptom is that they’re too weak to hold onto the pupal case while their wings unfurl.  But to end on a happier note, here’s a photo of a beautiful female monarch warming its wings on the banks of the Hudson River.

 

M is for Mating Monarchs

Luke and I did our usual stroll through Phillippi Estate today.  Since dogs aren’t normally allowed in the park, I always take full advantage of the fact that they’re allowed at the farmers market.  We go almost every Wednesday so when I locked the door and realized my camera was still inside, I shrugged and headed to the car.  I already had some m’s in mind for today…mums, mango, milkweed.  But then I spotted two Monarchs Mating on the hammock trail!  Nooooooooooooooooo!  Why didn’t I grab my camera???  To use a couple more M’s, the Mating Monarchs seemed to be Mocking Me More every extra Minute they remained Mounted like a Magnet in the trees!  This isn’t the first time YouTube has come to my rescue.  The video is a little long, but a couple of seconds will show you how the butterflies were perched in the trees.       

They flew twice to reposition, or one flew and the other hung on.  It reminded me of some research I came across when hatching Monarchs in the laundry room.  This is from The Last Monarch Butterfly: Conserving the Monarch Butterflies in a Brave New World by Phil Schappert.

Male Monarchs use their size and mass advantage to aggressively ‘attack’ and subdue other Monarchs, grappling in the air and falling to the ground, where they attempt to mate.  If successful in obtaining a copulation the male will carry the female to a shrub or tree to finish mating.  An intriguing side issue of this tactic is that smaller males are often the target of attacks by larger males and male-male interactions among Monarchs are relatively common.

Yikes!  If you didn’t know this was Lettuce Share, you might think I was talking about the behavior of prison inmates over sweet delicate butterflies!   

Empty Nest

It’s been lonely around here this week.  Two of the butterfly babies are flying free, and one is lifeless under glass in my kitchen.  Part nature, part nurture, I’m sad to say he didn’t make it.  He seemed to have problems from the beginning.  This is his chrysalis:

The brown spot was worrisome but didn’t match up with descriptions of any life-threatening problems such as black death or OE But it seems that when he emerged, he dropped to the countertop.  I, of course, did not see it, even though I woke up early, brought a chair into the laundry room and read the entire paper from said uncomfortable chair.  Then I went to get my laptop, got distracted for ten minutes, and came back to this:

Normally, they hang from their chrysalis while their wings unfurl and dry.  It’s the reason caterpillars crawl endlessly to find the perfect spot.  The spot has to be roomy enough for them to spread their impending wings.  In this case, the countertop didn’t seem suitable.  I lured him onto a wooden skewer and placed the skewer over the top of the plastic pot he had originally anchored to. 

He was fine, so I left him to dry.  When I came back, he was back on the countertop.  He may have fallen; he may have tried to fly.  Either way, it’s strange behavior.  The others all hung very still and very close to their chrysalises for the first few hours. 

When he tried to get up, it looked like his legs were slipping on the granite.  It was sad watching him flop around like that, so I intervened – big mistake!  I thought he would get better traction if he was on dirt, so again he grabbed the skewer and I moved him to a big planter pot.  There isn’t a plant in there, just some soil and a few weeds…so I thought.  But it wasn’t ten minutes before I went back to check on him and those savages were attacking - a gang of miniscule thugs crawling all over him, stabbing tiny holes through his brilliantly orange wings.  They are one of the few Floridian creatures to survive the cold snap in huge numbers and the bane of my gardening existence – ANTS!

They’re actually starting to build up now.  We’re hosting the ant equivalent to Dubai on our brick pavers, which was okay with me before they did the unimaginable.  There must have been some prior squatters who sent the word because ants were flooding down the window into the pot.  By the time I got to the butterfly, his wings and body were covered with ants and…his legs were gone!  I flicked off the ants, but it was too late.  His wings weren’t moving.  The whole experience was horrifying.  I feel like an accessory to murder! 

But my poor judgment doesn’t excuse those murderous little ants!  It seems that they’re dropping Monarch populations in places other than my laundry room.  William Calvert conducted a study in Texas that suggests fire ants are contributing to the reduced monarch population.  But they normally eat monarch eggs not monarch legs; I didn’t find anything about that.  Among Calvert’s testing sites, there were more than double the eggs in areas where fire ants were kept at bay.  He greased a wall to keep them out.  I’ve tried baking soda and vinegar, instant grits and boiling water…maybe it’s time to pull out the Crisco! 

 

   

Chrysalis Relocation Program

My grandmother always said, “Haste makes waste.”  It’s true for anyone, even a caterpillar.  The last two caterpillars roamed for over a day to find their perfect spot, but this first one anchored under the first leaf he found.

I use he because the female Monarch population is dropping but also because only a man would be so impatient and impractical!  The leaf had been gnawed down to a stem and dried up within days.  It had just about snapped off when I rigged the chrysalis back up with some thread.  But again it didn’t hold in place.  The future wings were resting on the stem of the milkweed, which didn’t give him enough room to spread ‘em on emergence.

He needed more space.  Here’s his upgraded digs – the handle of a planter pot.

It’s a boy!

I was wrong; the butterfly is male.  When he spread his wings, the scent glands were easy to spot.  They’re the two black dots on his hind (lower) wings.

It was too cold and rainy to let him go yesterday.   Today was still cold by my standards; but it warmed up into the 40′s and the sun was shining.  It was a good day to set him free, although he was slightly hesitant to leave the laundry room at first.  In the photo, he’s resting on John’s arm gathering his nerve.  John walked him to the back door, and with one taste of fresh air, he was off.  He flitted up into the sky so quickly there was no time to snap a photo.